Turning a raw LLM call into a production system: orchestration frameworks, stateful agents, and observability.
The building blocks for structuring an app around an LLM: document loaders, chunking, vector stores, chains, and tools.
Graphs instead of chains: nodes, edges, and shared state for agents that loop, branch, and reason over multiple steps.
The observability layer: tracing every step, evaluating quality, and monitoring an agent once it's live.